Jewish people are among the most beautiful celebrations in the world. Jewish
holidays are religious, and honor important events in the history of the Jewish people.
The celebrations are held in homes and in the synagogue,
the house of worship. Ceremonies begin at sunset on the eve of the holiday. These
holidays are observed in the Jewish nation, Israel, and by Jewish people throughout the
world.
Rosh Hashana is the Jewish New Year. It is a time to
repent for past sins and misdeeds. In every synagogue prayers are read. A ram's horn,
called a shofar, is blown. This is the call for people to remember their past sins and to
ask forgiveness for them. At home, the people dip an apple and bread in honey. These
acts call for hope in the new year. Rosh Hashana is the first day of a ten-day period of
penance.
The tenth day is Yom Kippur, one of the holiest of all
Jewish holidays. Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement. It is a day of fasting, when
people do not eat or drink. It is another day to repent for all sins. In the synagogue,
services begin with the singing of a prayer, the Kol Nidre. The prayer begs for release
from promises made to God that were not kept during the past year. At the end of Yom
Kippur services, atonement for the past year is completed, and a new year begins. A
candle burns in the home for the 24 hours of Yom Kippur.
One of the most festive Jewish holidays is Purim.
It is in celebration of the deed of Esther as told in the Bible. The Book of Esther
tells the story of an evil man named Haman who planned to kill all the Jews in Persia.
Esther, the queen of Persia, begged the king to help the Jews. He did, and
Haman was put to death. In the synagogue on Purim, the Book of Esther is read. Every
time the name of Haman is mentioned, the children stamp their feet and shake
noisemakers. Gifts are also given on Purim. In the past, children often dressed in costume on
this day.
Hanukkah is a festival which lasts for eight days, it is
sometimes called the Feast of Lights. It occurs in December, and is a joyous
occasion. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees over the Syrian king Antiochus.
According to Jewish history, Antiochus tried to force the Jews into paganism, and
to destroy the Jewish people. Led by Judas Maccabeus, the Jews defeated Antiochus.
They returned to Jerusalem to rededicate their temple. The Jews found only
enough sacred oil to burn for one day. Yet the oil somehow burned for eight
days. Hanukkah is celebrated for eight days because of this miracle.
Each night of the eight nights of Hanukkah, a candle is
lit, and prayers are said. The eight candles are held in a candelabra called a
menorah.
Hanukkah is a time for happy celebrations. There
are parties.
Gifts are given. Special games are played, like the "dreidel"
games. The dreidel is a spinning top with four sides. Each side has a letter
of the Hebrew alphabet printed on it.
Hanukkah (rededication) has
only five letters in the original Hebrew. In English there are at least
16 ways to spell it, including: Channuka, Channukah, Chanuka, Chanukah,
Chanuko, Hannuka, Hannukah, Hanuka, Hanukah, Hanukkah, Kanukkah,
Khannuka, Khannukah, Khanuka, Khanukah, Khanukkah, and Xanuka.
The most famous Jewish holiday is Passover. It
celebrates the flight of the Jewish people from slavery as told in the Bible's Book of
Exodus. Led by Moses, the Jews came to the Promised Land to begin a new life of'
freedom.
Passover occurs in March or April each year. It
lasts for eight days. Some groups of Jewish people, however, only observe seven
days. The eighth day was not added until the Middle Ages.
The most important part of the Passover celebration is
Seder. It consists of both a religious service and a meal. Special foods and wines
are served. During the eight days no leavened bread, which is bread made with yeast,
may be eaten. The people eat matzoh, an unleavened bread. On the table are symbols
of Passover-a roasted lamb bone and a roasted egg.
Prayers are said and the story of Exodus is read. These
are contained in a book of worship called the Haggadah. As part of the ceremony, the
youngest child asks four questions about Passover. The questions are always the
same, and the answers are contained in the Haggadah.
Passover is a special holiday for children. They take an
active part in the celebrations. And it serves to remind them of the history of
their people.
The Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat) begins at sunset on Friday
of each week and ends at sunset on Saturday. Note: Jewish Holidays begin at sunset of the preceding evening.